This study analyzes the cultural transformation process of government gisaengs from 1908 to 1945 through a cultural psychological perspective. To this end, various data such as newspapers and magazines at the time were used to examine the cultural change and adaptation patterns of government gisaengs from the socio-cultural and psychological aspects. John W. Berry's theory of cultural transformation provided the theoretical framework, upon which the changes of government gisaengs were categorized into four categories: assimilation, separation, integration, and marginalization. As a result of the study, in assimilation, separation, and integration, models, actors, singers, calligraphy artists, independence activists, parasitic schools, and gwonbeon trained professional artists to form a positive social identity. On the other hand, in the marginalization, a negative phenomenon of experiencing social exclusion and alienation and leading an unstable life appeared. This study will contribute to expanding the understanding of cultural transformation of traditional artists by revealing how the identity of government gisaengs was reconstructed in a cultural psychological manner amid modern changes.