This research aimed at verifying the effect of square step program for the elderly's cognitive ability development. As the research object, total 80 were assigned, i.e. 40 of experimental group and 40 of control group from an institute in N-dong, Gyeonggi area, who has no cognitive impairment such as dementia and physically healthy. For the experimental group, total 24 sessions of square step program were implemented twice a week during 3 months, and as the result of inspecting cognitive function(MMSE-K) and the elderly's quality of life(GQOL) criterion before and after the implementation of program, following results were deduced. First, as the result of verifying difference change between before and after MMSE-K square step program implementation, experimental group appeared to have statistically meaningful difference compared to comparative group(p<.01). Also, in the situation when cognitive function preliminary mark was set as covariance, sum of MMSE-K, space orientation, attention concentration and calculation, memory retrieval, language function, understanding and judgment appeared to have statistically meaningful difference(p<.01). Second, as the result of verifying difference change between before and after the elderly's quality of life(GQOL) square step program implementation, among sub factors of the elderly's quality of life, experimental group appeared to have statistically meaningful difference in social relationship, physical health, environment, psychological inconvenience, physical stability(p<.01). Also, in the situation when the preliminary mark of each sub factor of the elderly's quality of life as covariance, whole sub factor social relationship, physical health, environment, psychological inconvenience, physical safety, mental and physical stability appeared to have statistically meaningful difference(p<.01). In conclusion, it was verified that after participating in square step program, the elderly's cognitive function and quality of life were improved.