The purpose of this study is to shed light on the therapeutic meaning and value of dance from a historical perspectives by confirming and verifying Korean 'Byeonggut' and Italian 'Tarantism', two dance examples from both the East and the West, which overcome and heal actual diseases. First, from a synchronic perspective, the cause and background of each disease as well as the characteristics and therapeutic functions of each dance were examined. In addition, from a diachronic perspective, the process of change over time from the origin of each disease to recent research and development of each disease and dance was explored. The study was based on literature research of domestic and international books, theses, and academic papers and internet sources. The comparison and analysis of the two dances find that there are similarities in the causes of the disease, symptoms of the disease, treatment methods, and main means of treatment. However, there are differences in terms of the distribution of occurrence, participants, treatment targets, and patient attitudes between the two dances.